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Table 1 Exclusion criteria used to identify at-risk population*

From: A longitudinal study of adult-onset asthma incidence among HMO members

 

Description

ICD-9 (CPT) Codes †

1

Heart Failure

428–428.9

2

Bronchitis, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema

490–492.8

3

Pulmonary hypertension, embolism and other pulmonary heart disease

415–416.9

4

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

496

5

ER visit or hospital admission for primary asthma diagnosis

493–493.91

6

Occupational asthma diagnosis

504–507, 495.8, 507.8

7

Asthma diagnosis AND outpatient nebulization treatment

493–493.91 AND (94640)

8

Ordered second line asthma medications‡

 

9

Any asthma diagnosis AND ordered oral steroids

493–493.91

10

Asthma diagnosis AND ordered 4 or more MDIs¶

493–493.91

  1. * Exclusion criteria were applied to records for the 12 months preceding the index month. †International Classification of Diseases 9th Edition and Current Procedural Terminology codes; ‡ Second line medications included cromolyn, necrodomyl, aerosolized steroids, theophylline, oral or nebulized Beta-agonists, and leukotriene inhibitors; ¶MDI= Beta-agonist metered dose inhaler.