Fig. 2
Observed annual average PM2.5 concentrations (red lines) and age-standardized death rate (ASDR in blue lines) by decile of socioeconomic deprivation for urban (a) and rural (b) areas. Corresponding patterns of life years (LYs) lost associated with PM2.5 (total (grey bars) and per 103 population (thick black lines)) (panels (c) and (d))