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Fig. 4 | Environmental Health

Fig. 4

From: Effects of short-term ambient PM2.5 exposure on cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality among U.S. hemodialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study

Fig. 4

Incidence CVD events stratification analysis by age at dialysis initiation, sex, race, vascular access type, and comorbidity status at dialysis initiation. Estimates (HRs per 10 µg/m3 increase) of association between average daily PM2.5 (Lag 0–1) exposure and first CVD event since dialysis initiation among HD patients, 2011–2016. HR = Hazard Ratio, DM = Diabetes Mellitus, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Effect estimates reported for age at dialysis initiation groups were adjusted for: temperature, relative humidity, DOW, season, race, employment status, and geographic region. Effect estimates reported for race groups were adjusted for: temperature, relative humidity, DOW, season, age at dialysis initiation, employment status, and geographic region. The rest estimates were obtained from models that adjusted for: temperature, relative humidity, DOW, season, age at dialysis initiation, race, employment status, and geographic region

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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X