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Table 3 Partial Pearsona correlation between creatinine-adjusted PAHs and body fat percentages among non-smokers with non-Hispanic White ethnicity aged 20 years and older

From: Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon excretion and regional body fat distribution: evidence from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2016

Pollutant

N

Total fat (%)

Trunk fat (%)

Leg fat (%)

Trunk/leg ratio

Total lean mass (%)

Bone mineral density (g/cm2)

BMI (kg/m2)

WC

(cm)

Total naphthalene (ng/g)

957

−0.01

0.002

− 0.05

0.07

0.01

−0.05

0.01

0.01

1-naphthalene (ng/g)

947

−0.08

− 0.08

− 0.07

− 0.03

0.06

−0.10b

− 0.11b

− 0.10b

2-naphthalene (ng/g)

954

0.03

0.06c

−0.01

0.12b

−0.02

0.003

0.08

0.08

Total fluorene (ng/g)

952

−0.03

− 0.02

− 0.03

0.01

0.02

0.02

−0.04

− 0.05

2-fluorene (ng/g)

950

−0.01

−0.02

0.003

−0.03

0.01

−0.02

− 0.04

− 0.04

3-fluorene (ng/g)

949

−0.07

−0.07

− 0.04

−0.06

0.07

−0.05

− 0.10b

−0.11b

9-fluorene (ng/g)

434

0.05

0.07

0.0001

0.11

−0.01

0.08

0.02

0.03

Total phenanthrene (ng/g)

953

0.002

0.01

−0.01

0.04

−0.01

− 0.02

−0.03

− 0.02

1-phenanthrene (ng/g)

952

0.02

0.02

0.02

0.03

−0.02

−0.04

− 0.01

0.002

2-phenanthrene (ng/g)

671

0.04

0.05

0.004

0.07

−0.03

− 0.02

0.05

0.05

3-phenanthrene (ng/g)

671

−0.04

−0.04c

− 0.04

−0.01b

0.04

−0.02

− 0.07

−0.05

4-phenanthrene (ng/g)

419

0.05

0.08

−0.03

0.17

−0.01

0.05

0.01

0.05

1-pyrene (ng/g)

949

−0.06

− 0.07

−0.03

− 0.05

0.08

− 0.03

−0.02

− 0.01

Total PAHs

959

0.03

0.03

0.02

−0.01

−0.04

− 0.04

0.01

− 0.004

  1. Abbreviation: DXA dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, PAH Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
  2. aAll correlating variables were log-transformed (e base). Pearson correlation coefficients were adjusted for gender, age (continuous), education (high school or below, any college, and college graduate or above), poverty ratio (< vs. ≥1), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (yes, no), alcohol use (non-drinkers, 1–3 drinks/day, ≥4 drinks/day), total calorie intake (continuous), protein intake (continuous), serum cotinine levels (continuous), and serum C-reactive protein levels (tertiles). All PAHs accounted for urinary creatinine levels
  3. bSignificant correlations were adjusted using False Discovery Rate Benjamini-Hochberg Procedure
  4. cStatistical difference comparing correlations to leg fat