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Fig. 4 | Environmental Health

Fig. 4

From: Current practice and recommendations for advancing how human variability and susceptibility are considered in chemical risk assessment

Fig. 4

Additive risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to cadmium exposure

Cadmium risk assessed in relation to background risk (blue curve) of CKD for a single age group (47.8-year-old women). CKD is diagnosed with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2. A reduction in the GFR distribution (red curve) from a chronic cadmium exposure of 1 µg/kg/d increases the population risk of CKD (red box represents increased portion of the population with GFR below the diagnostic threshold) by 3.7%. Reproduced with permission from Ginsberg 2012

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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X