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Table 2 Adjusteda cumulative hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of gestational diabetes per interquartile range (IQR) increase in PM2.5, NO2, and O3 for the preconception period, entire pregnancy and DLM-identified sensitive windows

From: Critical windows of exposure to air pollution and gestational diabetes: assessing effect modification by maternal pre-existing conditions and environmental factors

Pollutant

HR (95% CI)

PM2.5 (per IQR = 2.7 µg/m3 increase)

 Preconception period

1.01 (0.98 – 1.03)

 Pregnancy period

1.05 (1.00 – 1.09)

 Sensitive windows

1.07 (1.02 – 1.11)

NO2 (per IQR = 10.0 ppb increase)

 Preconception period

1.07 (0.88 – 1.23)

 Pregnancy period

1.00 (0.85 – 1.16)

 Sensitive windows

-

O3 (per IQR = 7.0 ppb increase)

 Preconception period

1.03 (1.01 – 1.06)

 Pregnancy period

1.04 (1.00 – 1.08)

 Sensitive windows

1.08 (1.04 – 1.12)

  1. aAdjusted for maternal age, parity, maternal smoking status, prepregnancy body mass index, weekly ambient temperatures, month of birth, year of birth, residing in the Greater Toronto Area, community size, deprivation quintiles, instability quintiles, dependency quintiles and ethnic quintiles
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X