Fig. 1

Age-standardized deaths and DALYs rates (per 100,000 population) of asthma attributed to different risk factors in 2019 stratified by country. A Age-standardized asthma deaths rates attributed to smoking; B Age-standardized asthma DALYs rates attributed to smoking; C Age-standardized asthma deaths rates attributed to occupational asthmagens; D Age-standardized asthma DALYs rates attributed to occupational asthmagens