Long-term exposure to transportation noise and diabetes mellitus mortality: a national cohort study and updated meta-analysis

Table 3 Effect estimates by sex and specific age groups for the association between transportation noise source and diabetes mortality. Full cohort including 4,136,220 adults over 30 years, followed from 2001 to 2015. Multipollutant models, adjusting for the other two noise sources plus NO₂. HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) per 10 dB increase in Lden noise source

Outcome^a	N deaths / Source	Sex^b			Age^c
Outcome^a	N deaths / Source	Male	Female	p-interaction	30–64	65–79	80+	p-trend
	N deaths	37,842	34,500		15,982	39,997	16,363
Main: nonT1-DM	Road traffic	1.07 (1.05, 1.08)	1.05 (1.03, 1.06)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.09, 1.14)	1.05 (1.04, 1.07)	1.02 (1.00, 1.04)	< 0.0001
	Railway	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	< 0.0001	1.03 (1.01, 1.04)	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)	1.00 (0.99, 1.02)	< 0.0001
	Aircraft	1 (0.98, 1.01)	1.02 (1.00, 1.04)	0.0609	1.00 (0.97, 1.03)	1.01 (0.99, 1.03)	1.01 (0.99, 1.04)	0.4445
	N deaths	38,453	34,935		16,536	40,356	16,496
Secondary 1: DM	Road traffic	1.07 (1.05, 1.08)	1.05 (1.03, 1.06)	< 0.0001	1.12 (1.09, 1.14)	1.05 (1.04, 1.07)	1.02 (1.00, 1.04)	< 0.0001
	Railway	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)	1.01 (1.00, 1.02)	< 0.0001	1.03 (1.01, 1.04)	1.03 (1.02, 1.04)	1.00 (0.99, 1.02)	< 0.0001
	Aircraft	1.00 (0.98, 1.01)	1.02 (1.00, 1.04)	0.0670	1.00 (0.97, 1.02)	1.01 (0.99, 1.03)	1.01 (0.98, 1.04)	0.4269
	N deaths	611	435		554	359	133
Secondary 2: T1-DM	Road traffic	1.07 (0.96, 1.19)	1.12 (0.99, 1.27)	0.0300	1.09 (0.98, 1.22)	1.10 (0.95, 1.26)	1.08 (0.86, 1.36)	0.1000
	Railway	1.04 (0.97, 1.12)	0.98 (0.90, 1.08)	0.2700	1.03 (0.95, 1.11)	0.99 (0.89, 1.10)	1.01 (0.86, 1.18)	0.7400
	Aircraft	0.91 (0.79, 1.04)	0.95 (0.80, 1.12)	0.1228	0.84 (0.72, 0.98)	1.10 (0.93, 1.30)	0.81 (0.58, 1.12)	0.0156

Notes:
^aOutcome definition: nonT1-DM (ICD-10: E11-E14); DM (IDC-10: E10-E14, includes type 1 diabetes); T1-DM (ICD-10: E10, type 1 diabetes)
^bSex groups included all adults over 30 years old
^cAge groups included both sexes
Model 3 included noise exposure (road traffic, railway and aircraft noise; Lden), strata sex* and period (i.e. 2001–2005, 2006–2010, or 2011–2015), plus the individual-level covariates civil status, education level, mother tongue, nationality and quartiles of local-SEP, community and regional SEP score and unemployment, NO₂ exposure. *only in models including all ages

ISSN: 1476-069X