Fig. 1

Associations between long-term exposure to (A) PM2.5, (B) PM10, (C) SO2, (D) NO2, (E) CO, (F) O3 and flow-mediated dilation (%).a, b Note: a PM2.5, fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm; PM10, inhalable particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm; SO2, sulfur dioxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; CO, carbon monoxide; O3, ozone; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. b Model adjusted for age group (< 65 years and ≥ 65 years), sex, body mass index, smoking status, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, resting heart rate, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol