Table 1 Pregnant person and child characteristics of participants in the analytic sample with urinary metals measures in either trimester 1&2 (T1/T2) (< 28 weeks gestation) or trimester 3 (T3). Distributions of categorical variables are compared with a chi-square test and continuous variables are compared with ANOVA test

EARLI cohort

Typically developing

Non-typically developing

Autism spectrum disorder

P-value

N = 67

N = 74

N = 29

Education

0.022

  College Degree

48 (72%)

40 (54%)

13 (45%)

  No Degree

19 (28%)

34 (46%)

16 (55%)

Age

34.99 (4.8)

32.97 (4.7)

33.72 (3.8)

0.092

Self Report Race/Ethnicity

0.3

  Asian or Pacific Islander

9 (13%)

12 (16%)

4 (14%)

  Black

4 (6.0%)

11 (15%)

3 (10%)

  Hispanic

7 (10%)

12 (16%)

6 (21%)

  Other/Multiracial

2 (3.0%)

6 (8.1%)

2 (6.9%)

  White

45 (67%)

33 (45%)

14 (48%)

Infant Sex

0.001

  Female

38 (57%)

38 (51%)

5 (17%)

  Male

29 (43%)

36 (49%)

24 (83%)

Weeks Gestation at Collection T1/T2

18.69 (4.8)

17.83 (5.8)

16.98 (7.1)

 > 0.9

  No sample in period

4

7

8

Weeks Gestation at Collection T3

33.07 (2.9)

33.13 (2.7)

33.44 (3.3)

 > 0.9

  No sample in period

4

6

4

MARBLES cohort

Typically developing

Non-typically developing

Autism spectrum disorder

P-value

N = 149

N = 33

N = 49

Education

0.3

  College Degree

84 (56%)

15 (45%)

22 (45%)

  No Degree

65 (44%)

18 (55%)

27 (55%)

Age

34.06 (4.7)

34.01 (4.4)

34.84 (5.1)

0.5

Self Report Race/Ethnicity

0.3

  Asian or Pacific Islander

24 (16%)

6 (18%)

6 (12%)

  Black

3 (2.0%)

3 (9.1%)

4 (8.2%)

  Hispanic

34 (23%)

9 (27%)

12 (24%)

  Other/Multiracial

3 (2.0%)

0 (0%)

2 (4.1%)

  White

85 (57%)

15 (45%)

25 (51%)

Infant Sex

0.2

  Female

71 (48%)

15 (45%)

16 (33%)

  Male

78 (52%)

18 (55%)

33 (67%)

Weeks Gestation at Collection T1/T2

19.36 (4.0)

18.86 (4.1)

19.06 (4.0)

0.8

  No sample in period

49

16

15

Weeks Gestation at Collection T3

31.41 (3.1)

31.39 (3.0)

31.36 (3.3)

 > 0.9

  No sample in period

8

0

1