Fig. 1
From: Long-term ambient air pollution exposure and renal function and biomarkers of renal disease
Associations between exposure to different air pollutants and A) eGFR, and B) prevalence of a low eGFR (below age- and gender-specific tenth percentile) per interquartile range (IQR) higher exposure. Model 1 included only age, gender, and study site (age and gender were omitted in analyses of prevalence of a low eGFR). Model 2 included all covariates from model 1 as well as sociodemographic and behavioural risk factors (area-level income, education level, civil or cohabitation status, immigration status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and BMI). Model 3 included all covariates from model 2 as well as hypertension and diabetes mellitus diagnoses. Model 4 included all covariates from model 3 as well as road traffic noise and greenness exposure. (Model 1‒2, n = 24 729; model 3, n = 24 464; model 4, n = 24 400.)