Fig. 2

Summary results for associations of titanium exposure with urinary metabolites. A Number of all metabolites per metabolic categories based on annotation in the HMDB database. The x-axis indicates the number of metabolites per category and the y-axis indicates metabolic categories. B Supervised Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection of urinary metabolite profiles across various titanium exposure group. C Volcano plot of the associations between maternal urinary SG-corrected titanium concentrations and levels of 640 urinary metabolites. The multivariable linear regression models were adjusted for study center, maternal age at recruitment, pre-pregnancy BMI, residence area, household income, maternal education, parity. The association is considered significant when the FDR-corrected P is < 0.05. D Number of titanium-related metabolites per metabolic categories based on annotation in the HMDB database. The x-axis indicates the number of metabolites per category and the y-axis indicates metabolic categories