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Table 3 Multiple mediation analyses of titanium-related metabolic pathways on the association between urinary titanium exposure and risk of GDM

From: Titanium exposure and gestational diabetes mellitus: associations and potential mediation by perturbation of amino acids in early pregnancy

Multiple mediator

Direct effects

Indirect effects

Proportion mediated

Pathway

Hits

RR (95% CI)

P

RR (95% CI)

P

%

P

Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism

8

1.23 (0.99, 1.53)

0.064

1.06 (1.00, 1.14)

0.074

24.9

0.088

Alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism

6

1.21 (0.97, 1.50)

0.082

1.08 (1.02, 1.16)

0.010

31.0

0.028

Arginine biosynthesis

4

1.25 (1.01, 1.55)

0.038

1.05 (0.99, 1.12)

0.096

19.6

0.112

Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis

7

1.22 (0.98, 1.51)

0.072

1.07 (1.01, 1.14)

0.014

27.1

0.028

  1. RR relative risk, CI confidential interval
  2. The covariates adjusted for in the mediation analyses included study center, maternal age at recruitment, pre-pregnancy BMI, residence area, household income, maternal education, parity
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X