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Table 8 Comparison of EBD [DALYs] between pyrethroids (for ADHD) and lead (for CVD, IDID and kidney diseases). EBD results of lead are adapted from the IHME for the year 2021. EBD estimates are for the age category 0–19 years

From: A preliminary estimate of the environmental burden of disease associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and ADHD in Europe based on human biomonitoring

Country

EBD pyrethroids (95% CI) [DALYs]

EBD lead (95% CI) [DALYs]

Ratio EBD pyrethroids to EBD lead

France

1393 (425–2455)

1031 (257–2259)

1.35

Iceland

4 (1–9)

2.93 (0.5–7)

1.37

Switzerland

103 (16–204)

83 (14–198)

1.24

Germany

218 (-80–613)

585 (68–1492)

0.37

Israel

258 (60–455)

252 (63–527)

1.02

  1. Exposure-response information from Dalsager et al. applied