Sex-specific association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure with vitamin D concentrations in older adults in the USA: an observational study

Zhao, Hui; Ren, Yuxin; Ni, Jianping; Fang, Lanlan; Zhang, Tao; Wang, Mengmeng; Cai, Guoqi; Ma, Yubo; Pan, Faming

doi:10.1186/s12940-024-01140-9

Environmental Health

Table 2 Association of PFAS with vitamin D concentrations (adjusted difference in total 25(OH)D per unit increase in PFAS): individuals aged 60 years and older, NHANES 2003–2018

From: Sex-specific association of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure with vitamin D concentrations in older adults in the USA: an observational study

Variables	Continuous	P value for interaction	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	P for trend
Variables	β (95% CI)	P value for interaction	-	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	β (95% CI)	P for trend
Serum PFAS
PFOA
Total	-0.03 (-0.05, -0.01)	< 0.001	Ref	-0.02 (-0.06, 0.03)	-0.07 (-0.11, -0.03)	-0.08 (-0.12, -0.06)	< 0.001
Male	0.00 (-0.02, 0.03)	-	Ref	0.06 (0.00, 0.12)	0.06 (0.01, 0.11)	-0.02 (-0.07, 0.04)	0.002
Female	-0.06 (-0.09, -0.03)	-	Ref	-0.08 (-0.14, -0.02)	-0.16 (-0.22, -0.09)	-0.13 (-0.19, -0.07)	< 0.001
PFOS
Total	-0.03 (-0.05, -0.02)	< 0.001	Ref	-0.05 (-0.10, 0.01)	-0.06 (-0.10, -0.02)	-0.09 (-0.14, -0.05)	< 0.001
Male	-0.00 (-0.02, 0.02)	-	Ref	0.04 (-0.01, 0.10)	0.03 (-0.03, 0.08)	-0.03 (-0.08, 0.03)	0.002
Female	-0.06 (-0.08, -0.03)	-	Ref	-0.11 (-0.17, -0.05)	-0.15 (-0.21, -0.10)	-0.15 (-0.21, -0.09)	< 0.001
PFHxS
Total	0.00 (-0.02, 0.02)	0.262	Ref	-0.02 (-0.06, 0.02)	-0.02 (-0.06, 0.03)	0.01 (-0.03, 0.05)	0.472
Male	-0.01 (-0.03, 0.02)	-	Ref	-0.01 (-0.06, 0.04)	-0.02 (-0.08, 0.03)	0.00 (-0.06, 0.06)	0.783
Female	0.01 (-0.02, 0.03)	-	Ref	-0.05 (-0.11, 0.02)	-0.04 (-0.10, 0.03)	0.01 (-0.05, 0.07)	0.167
PFNA
Total	-0.03 (-0.05, -0.01)	< 0.001	Ref	-0.04 (-0.08, 0.00)	-0.02 (-0.07, 0.02)	-0.06 (-0.10, -0.02)	0.036
Male	0.01 (-0.01, 0.04)	-	Ref	0.03 (-0.03, 0.08)	0.04 (-0.01, 0.10)	0.01 (-0.05, 0.07)	0.400
Female	-0.05 (-0.08, -0.03)	-	Ref	-0.07 (-0.13, -0.01)	-0.07 (-0.13, -0.02)	-0.12 (-0.17, -0.06)	< 0.001
PFDeA
Total	-0.01 (-0.03, 0.01)	0.002	Ref	-0.02 (-0.06, 0.02)	0.02 (-0.03, 0.06)	-0.04 (-0.09, 0.01)	0.053
Male	0.02 (-0.00, 0.04)	-	Ref	0.23 (0.08, 0.37)	0.06 (0.02, 0.10)	0.01 (-0.04, 0.07)	0.002
Female	-0.04 (-0.07, -0.01)	-	Ref	-0.07 (-0.13, -0.01)	-0.04 (-0.10, 0.01)	-0.11 (-0.18, -0.04)	0.012
MeFOSAA
Total	-0.03 (-0.04, -0.01)	0.016	Ref	-0.02 (-0.06, 0.02)	-0.10 (-0.14, -0.05)	-0.06 (-0.10, -0.02)	< 0.001
Male	-0.01 (-0.03, 0.01)	-	Ref	0.02 (-0.03, 0.08)	-0.05 (-0.11, 0.00)	-0.03 (-0.08, 0.03)	0.032
Female	-0.04 (-0.06, -0.02)	-	Ref	-0.04 (-0.11, 0.02)	-0.13 (-0.18, -0.07)	-0.09 (-0.15, -0.03)	< 0.001

Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, marital status, education, BMI, PIR, serum cotinine, vitamin D supplement use, milk product consumption, activity and six-month examination period
β: beta coefficient; Continuous, ln-transformed concentration of variables; P for trend: the P value for trend test; Q: quartile
PFOA, perfluorooctanoic acid; PFOS, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid; PFHxS, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid; PFNA, Perfluorononanoic acid; PFDeA, Pefluorodecanoic acid; MeFOSAA, 2-(N-methylperfluorooctane sulfonamido) acetate;
Bold:P < 0.05

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ISSN: 1476-069X

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