Skip to main content

Table 1 Single-pollutant exposure models for PM2.5 and NO2 long-term (10 and 2-years) and short-term (28, 7 and 2 days) timeframes

From: The association between different timeframes of air pollution exposure and COVID-19 incidence, morbidity and mortality in German counties in 2020

 

NO2

April 16th to May 16th 2020

PM2.5

April 16th to May 16th 2020

Outcome

Timeframe

Estimate (odds ratio)

95 CI

P—value

Estimate (odds ratio)

95 CI

P—value

Incidence

10 years

1.034

1.010—1.058

0.0030

1.043

0.960—1.129

0.3068

2 years

1.037

1.015—1.059

0.0006

1.023

0.947—1.103

0.5486

28 days

1.292

1.262—1.322

0.0000

1.317

1.298—1.337

0.0000

7 days

1.036

1.023—1.049

0.0000

1.182

1.163—1.201

0.0000

2 days

1.014

1.008—1.020

0.0000

1.049

1.039—1.058

0.0000

Mortality

10 years

1.038

0.998—1.079

0.0528

0.998

0.864—1.145

0.9793

2 years

1.046

1.008—1.086

0.0114

0.982

0.857—1.119

0.7813

28 days

1.294

1.211—1.381

0.0000

1.553

1.466—1.644

0.0000

7 days

1.081

1.037—1.127

0.0000

1.368

1.278—1.464

0.0000

2 days

1.029

1.006—1.054

0.0150

1.105

1.068—1.143

0.0000

ICU

10 years

1.050

1.017—1.084

0.0015

0.979

0.865—1.102

0.6999

2 years

1.053

1.022—1.084

0.0003

1.016

0.903—1.140

0.7588

28 days

1.252

1.238—1.266

0.0000

1.206

1.197—1.215

0.0000

7 days

1.014

1.008—1.020

0.0000

1.104

1.095—1.112

0.0000

2 days

1.004

1.001—1.007

0.0030

1.034

1.030—1.038

0.0000

Ventilation

10 years

1.057

1.021—1.095

0.0010

0.968

0.844—1.105

0.5997

2 years

1.058

1.025—1.093

0.0003

1.005

0.881—1.142

0.9356

28 days

1.278

1.257—1.300

0.0000

1.231

1.220—1.243

0.0000

7 days

1.016

1.009—1.023

0.0000

1.115

1.105—1.125

0.0000

2 days

1.004

1.001—1.007

0.0110

1.036

1.031—1.041

0.0000

  1. Negative binominal distribution models were calculated, adjusted to the confounders age, sex, social depravation, population density and days between the first reported COVID-19 case and March 1st