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Table 3 Hazard ratios of metabolic syndrome per interquartile range width increment in air pollution exposure during follow-up (n = 7,428)

From: Association between annual concentration of air pollutants and incidence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

Exposure

Model 1a

Model 2b

Model 3c

Model 4d

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

1.19(1.11–1.26)

1.17 (1.10–1.24)

1.17 (1.10–1.25)

1.19 (1.12–1.27)

SO2 (ppb)

1.48(1.40–1.58)

1.55 (1.45–1.64)

1.71 (1.60–1.83)

1.57 (1.47–1.68)

NO2 (ppb)

1.16(0.73–1.83)

1.22 (1.13–1.32)

1.20 (1.11–1.30)

1.11 (1.03–1.20)

CO (ppb)

1.53(1.41–1.67)

1.59 (1.46–1.73)

1.68 (1.54–1.84)

1.63 (1.48–1.78)

O3 (ppb)

0.71(0.67–0.76)

0.47 (0.44–0.51)

0.42 (0.39–0.45)

0.48 (0.45–0.52)

  1. Note: IQR for PM2.5: 3.48 µg/m3, SO2: 1.17 ppb, NO2: 8.87 ppb, CO: 172.71 ppb, O3: 2.65 ppb
  2. Abbreviations: HR, Hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm; SO2, sulfur dioxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; CO, carbon monoxide; O3, ozone; ppb, parts per billion
  3. aModel 1 Unadjusted model
  4. bModel 2 adjusted for age, sex
  5. cModel 3 adjusted for age, sex, monthly household income, education, smoking, drinking, physical activity
  6. dModel 4 adjusted for age, sex, monthly household income, education, smoking, drinking, physical activity, temperature, humidity
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Environmental Health

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