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Table 4 Hazard ratios of metabolic syndrome components per interquartile range width increment in air pollution exposure during follow-up

From: Association between annual concentration of air pollutants and incidence of metabolic syndrome among Korean adults: Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES)

Exposure

Hypertension

Hyperglycemia

Abdominal obesity

High TG

Low HDL-C

 

(n = 5,208)

(n = 7,745)

(n = 6,948)

(n = 7,358)

(n = 6,616)

PM2.5 (µ/m3)

1.19 (1.11–1.27)

1.16 (1.09–1.23)

1.30 (1.23–1.39)

1.10 (1.04–1.17)

1.47 (1.34–1.61)

SO2 (ppb)

1.44 (1.34–1.55)

1.32 (1.24–1.41)

1.67 (1.57–1.79)

1.35 (1.27–1.43)

1.86 (1.67–2.07)

NO2 (ppb)

1.05 (0.96–1.14)

0.96 (0.89–1.04)

1.40 (1.30–1.52)

1.07 (1.00-1.15)

1.46 (1.29–1.65)

CO (ppb)

1.44 (1.30–1.59)

1.44 (1.32–1.57)

1.79 (1.64–1.96)

1.38 (1.27–1.50)

1.85 (1.61–2.13)

O3 (ppb)

0.51 (0.48–0.56)

0.48 (0.44–0.51)

0.50 (0.46–0.54)

0.54 (0.51–0.58)

0.44 (0.39–0.49)

  1. Note: IQR for PM2.5: 3.48µ/m3, SO2: 1.17ppb, NO2: 8.87ppb, CO: 172.71ppb, O3: 2.65ppb
  2. Abbreviations: HR, Hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; PM2.5, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters ≤ 2.5 μm; SO2, sulfur dioxide; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; CO, carbon monoxide; O3, ozone; ppb, parts per billion
  3. All models adjusted for age, sex, monthly household income, education, smoking, drinking, physical activity, temperature, humidity
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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X