Table 1 Characteristics of 382 MADRES participants
Variable | Category | Mean ± SD / N (%) | Estimatea | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of participants | 382 (100) | - | - | |
Maternal age at delivery (year) | 29.4 ± 5.9 | 0.01 | 0.38 | |
Newborn ethnicity | Non-Hispanic | 73 (19) | Ref | Ref |
Hispanic | 306 (80) | 0.21 | 0.12 | |
Unknown | 3 (1) | −0.66 | 0.27 | |
Maternal ethnicity | Non-Hispanic | 82 (21) | Ref | Ref |
Hispanic | 297 (78) | 0.18 | 0.15 | |
Unknown | 3 (1) | −0.68 | 0.25 | |
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | Underweight or normal | 122 (32) | Ref | Ref |
Overweight or obeseb | 260 (68) | 0.31 | 0.01 | |
Maternal smoking | Never smoked | 267 (70) | Ref | Ref |
Smoked before pregnancy but stopped during pregnancy | 109 (29) | −0.09 | 0.41 | |
Smoked before and during pregnancy | 6 (2) | −0.27 | 0.51 | |
Maternal education | Less than 12th grade | 90 (24) | Ref | Ref |
High school or some college or technical school | 213 (56) | −0.17 | 0.19 | |
Completed 4 years of college or above | 76 (20) | −0.16 | 0.31 | |
Unknown | 3 (1) | −0.95 | 0.11 | |
Household income | < $30,000 | 170 (45) | Ref | Ref |
≥ $30,000 or more | 99 (26) | 0.01 | 0.97 | |
Unknown | 113 (30) | −0.28 | 0.02 | |
Maternal marital status | Married | 116 (30) | Ref | Ref |
Living together | 150 (39) | −0.26 | 0.04 | |
Single or divorced | 88 (23) | −0.19 | 0.17 | |
Unknown | 28 (7) | −0.17 | 0.42 | |
Conception season | Cold | 203 (53) | Ref | Ref |
Warm | 179 (47) | 0.05 | 0.63 | |
Enrollment time point | Regular entry (< 20 week) | 283 (74) | Ref | Ref |
Late entry (20–30 week) | 99 (26) | −0.21 | 0.08 | |