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Fig. 1 | Environmental Health

Fig. 1

From: Domestic water hardness, genetic risk, and distinct phenotypes of cardiovascular disease

Fig. 1

Associations of water hardness with AF and three other cardiovascular phenotypes incidence. HR of (a) AF, (b) CHD, (c) HF, and (d) stroke was adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, education, the Townsend index, smoking status, ideal physical activity, healthy diet score, BMI, total cholesterol, ideal HbA1c, and ideal blood pressure. HR, hazard ratio; AF, atrial fibrillation; CHD, coronary heart disease; HF, heart failure; USGS, United States Geological Survey; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c

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Environmental Health

ISSN: 1476-069X