Table 3 Percentage changes in (geometric mean) PFAS concentrations as a function of visit and parity, estimated in a linear mixed model with adjustment for pre-pregnancy body mass index, maternal age, and batch number. The last column shows the p-value in test of the hypothesis for no differences between groups

PFOS

Visit

1^a

0

 < 0.001

Visit

2

−6.28 [−11.74;−0.49]

0.034

Visit

3

−10.82 [−18.15;−2.84]

0.009

Visit

4

−23.14 [−31.92;−13.22]

 < 0.001

Parity

0^a

0

0.078

Parity

1

−10.78 [−20.71;0.40]

0.058

Parity

2

−18.84 [−31.58;−3.73]

0.017

Parity

3

−12.53 [−39.04;25.53]

0.466

PFOA

Visit

1^a

0

 < 0.001

Visit

2

−14.60 [−20.28;−8.51]

 < 0.001

Visit

3

−16.06 [−24.29;−6.95]

 < 0.001

Visit

4

−23.89 [−34.04;−12.19]

 < 0.001

Parity

0^a

 < 0.001

Parity

1

−36.69 [−43.64;−28.88]

 < 0.001

Parity

2

−35.65 [−45.65;−23.82]

 < 0.001

Parity

3

−40.37 [−58.26;−14.81]

0.005

PFHxS

Visit

1^a

0

0.065

Visit

2

−18.38 [−31.08;−3.35]

0.019

Visit

3

−14.69 [−33.23;8.99]

0.203

Visit

4

−21.56 [−43.88;9.63]

0.154

Parity

0^a

0

 < 0.001

Parity

1

−34.69 [−43.73;−24.20]

 < 0.001

Parity

2

−48.35 [−58.43;−35.82]

 < 0.001

Parity

3

−39.49 [−61.48;−4.94]

0.030

PFNA

Visit

1^a

0

 < 0.001

Visit

2

−11.23 [−17.69;−4.26]

0.002

Visit

3

−16.80 [−25.59;−6.97]

0.001

Visit

4

−35.22 [−44.58;−24.27]

 < 0.001

Parity

0^a

0

0.251

Parity

1

−10.50 [−20.48;0.72]

0.066

Parity

2

−12.25 [−26.03;4.11]

0.133

Parity

3

−8.85 [−36.42;30.68]

0.613

PFDA

Visit

1^a

0

0.005

Visit

2

−12.04 [−19.66;−3.70]

0.006

Visit

3

−8.04 [−19.24;4.73]

0.206

Visit

4

−18.42 [−31.91;−2.26]

0.027

Parity

0^a

0

0.423

Parity

1

2.09 [−8.99;14.53]

0.723

Parity

2

9.85 [−7.00;29.76]

0.267

Parity

3

27.60 [−9.83;80.58]

0.168

PFUnDA

Visit

1^a

0.253

Visit

2

−2.78 [−13.72;9.54]

0.642

Visit

3

−7.10 [−20.76;8.93]

0.363

Visit

4

−21.26 [−38.75;1.22]

0.062

Parity

0^a

0.829

Parity

1

1.14 [−10.25;13.97]

0.852

Parity

2

7.79 [−10.03;29.14]

0.414

Parity

3

10.41[−23.16;58.64]

0.591