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Table 1 Factors associated with reporting more types of heat-related experiences among older adults living in Warsaw and Madrid (OLS regression)

From: From inequalities to vulnerability paradoxes: juxtaposing older adults’ heat mortality risk and heat experiences

Variables

Warsaw

 

Madrid

 

coef.

RSE

 

coef.

RSE

Demographic factors

     

Female (vs. Male)

0.677***

(0.161)

 

0.653***

(0.156)

Older age

-0.00310

(0.0111)

 

-0.0226**

(0.0111)

Married or in a partnership (vs. not)

0.0782

(0.156)

 

-0.271*

(0.158)

Lives alone (vs. lives with someone)

-0.457***

(0.173)

 

-0.366*

(0.199)

Socioeconomic situation

     

Secondary education (vs. up to primary)

-3.120***

(1.166)

 

0.569***

(0.216)

Tertiary or postsecondary education (vs. up to primary)

-2.823**

(1.173)

 

0.531**

(0.219)

Good financial situation (vs. Medium or worse financial situationa)

-0.732***

(0.222)

 

-0.506***

(0.192)

Very good financial situation (vs. Medium or worse financial situationa)

-0.715***

(0.249)

 

-0.893***

(0.215)

Uses air conditioning during heat (almost) always (vs. using it less often which includes never due to not having air conditioning)

0.891***

(0.237)

 

0.697***

(0.158)

Health and wellbeing

     

Self-rated health on a 0–10 scaleb

-0.296***

(0.0615)

 

-0.226***

(0.0537)

Reports cardiovascular problems

0.564***

(0.204)

 

0.978***

(0.227)

Reports high blood pressure or hypertension

0.113

(0.183)

 

-0.121

(0.163)

Reports diabetes or high blood sugar

0.298

(0.216)

 

0.370**

(0.163)

Reports respiratory problems

1.114***

(0.273)

 

0.114

(0.231)

Reports depression

1.801***

(0.387)

 

0.718***

(0.241)

Having obesity according to BMI (vs. Non-obese)

0.239

(0.287)

 

0.0174

(0.325)

Smokes regularly (vs. does not smoke regularly)

-0.166

(0.284)

 

0.206

(0.221)

Physically active between once a week or more often (vs. less than once a week)

0.523***

(0.171)

 

0.597***

(0.174)

Observations

677

  

819

 

R-squared

0.315

  

0.186

 

Prob > F

0

  

0

 

*** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1; RSE = Robust standard errors

  1. a Financial situation as determined by the answer to: How would you rate the overall financial situation of your household? Very good financial situation: “There is enough for everything without saving in any particular way”; Good financial situation: “I live (we live) frugally and there is enough for everything.; Reference answers: “I live (we live) very frugally to save for bigger purchases.“; “There is enough money only for the cheapest food and clothes”; “There is enough money only for the cheapest food, not enough for clothes.“; “There is not enough money even for the cheapest food or clothes.”
  2. b When evaluating self-rated health, the respondents were told that 0 is the worst imaginable health status and 10 is the best imaginable health status
  3. Source: Own calculations based on data from “A thermosurvey of older adults’ experiences, perspectives and adaptation to urban heat and climate change” [86], data weighted by age and sex for representativity of the city’s older adults